1,213 research outputs found
Youth justice policy is undergoing an important transition from ‘costly criminalisation’ to ‘precautionary risk management’
Peter Squires reviews the recent history of policy making in the field of youth justice, arguing that the Government’s austerity measures have brought with them a long needed end to pervasive over-criminalisation. However while this turn away from ‘costly criminalisation’ is to be welcomed, important questions need to be asked about the strategy of ‘precautionary risk management’ which has replaced it
Interferometric scattering enables fluorescence-free electrokinetic trapping of single nanoparticles in free solution
Anti-Brownian traps confine single particles in free solution by closed-loop
feedback forces that directly counteract Brownian motion. The extended-duration
measurement of trapped objects allows detailed characterization of
photophysical and transport properties, as well as observation of infrequent or
rare dynamics. However, this approach has been generally limited to particles
that can be tracked by fluorescent emission. Here we present the
Interferometric Scattering Anti-Brownian ELectrokinetic trap (ISABEL trap),
which uses interferometric scattering rather than fluorescence to monitor
particle position. By decoupling the ability to track (and therefore trap) a
particle from collection of its spectroscopic data, the ISABEL trap enables
confinement and extended study of single particles that do not fluoresce, that
only weakly fluoresce, or which exhibit intermittent fluorescence or
photobleaching. This new technique significantly expands the range of nanoscale
objects that may be investigated at the single-particle level in free solution.Comment: Manuscript and SI; videos available upon reques
SARS-CoV-2 update from the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
Priorities in veterinary preventive healthcare for dogs and cats under COVID-19 pandemic restrictions:
-Routine prophylactic vaccines
-Parasite control measures
-Other preventive or health monitoring measure
A role for the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in cell-cell communication in pancreatic islets of Langerhans
Background: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is expressed in many tissues that are not associated with Ca2+ homeostasis, including the endocrine cells in pancreatic islets of Langerhans. We have demonstrated previously that pharmacological activation of the CaR stimulates insulin secretion from islet -cells and insulin-secreting MIN6 cells. Methods: In the present study we have investigated the effects of CaR activation on MIN6 cell proliferation and have used shRNA-mediated CaR knockdown to determine whether the CaR is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion via cell-cell communication. Results: CaR activation caused the phosphorylation and activation of the p42/44 MAPK signalling cascade, and this activation was prevented by the shRNA-induced down-regulation of CaR mRNA expression. CaR activation also resulted in increased proliferation of MIN6 cells, consistent with the known role of the p42/44 MAPK system in the regulation of -cell proliferation. Down-regulation of CaR expression had no detectable effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion from MIN6 cells maintained as monolayers, but blocked the increases in insulin secretion that were observed when the cells were configured as three-dimensional islet-like structures (pseudoislets), consistent with a role for the CaR in cell-cell communication in pseudoislets. Conclusion: It is well established that islet function is dependent on communication between islet cells and the results of this study suggest that the CaR is required for -cell to -cell interactions within islet-like structures
Mr Gingrich's Bequest: Globalising the Second Amendment
A discussion of the politics of gun control in the USA and specifically, in the light of UN efforts at disarmament and at controlling illegal arms transfers, a critique of NRA/Republican attempts to suggest that the US 2nd Amendment is a 'human right' applicable globally
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